| REVIEW ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2019 | Volume
: 9
| Issue : 3 | Page : 150-159 |
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Role of tear film biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of dry eye disease
Pak Yui Fong1, Kendrick Co Shih1, Pun Yuet Lam1, Tommy Chung Yan Chan2, Vishal Jhanji3, Louis Tong4
1 Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
2 Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong; Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
3 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Centre, Pittsburgh, USA
4 Cornea and External Eye Disease Service, Singapore National Eye Centre; Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Kendrick Co Shih
Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 301 B Cyberport 4, 100 Cyberport Road, Pokfulam
Hong Kong
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | 14 |
DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo_56_19
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In recent years, there has been increasing scientific interest in the use of tear film biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of dry eye disease (DED), owing to their potential important roles in the pathogenesis of ocular surface damage, as well as the technical feasibility of tear sample collection techniques. An Entrez PubMed search was conducted on March 2, 2019, to include papers investigating the use of tear film biomarkers in DED, and the results were classified according to whether the DED is associated with systemic inflammatory disease or not and further classified within each section according to the molecular nature of the biomarker for further discussion. A total of 58 relevant articles were reviewed. Certain cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-17, and IL-8, were found by a number of studies to consistently reflect disease severity well and had strong correlations with tear film metrics and tests for ocular surface damage in dry eye without systemic inflammatory disease. For dry eye with systemic inflammatory disease, IL-17, IL-8, and IL-1 receptor antagonists were shown to be consistently higher in affected eyes and correlated well with ocular surface disease severity in more than one type of inflammatory disease. With the advancement in technology and lowered costs in the future, tear film biomarker counts would allow better diagnosis and monitoring of DED, as well as facilitate personalized treatment strategies.
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