The eyes are exposed to oxidative stress due to light absorption and the high metabolism rate of their tissue cells. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many major eye diseases, including ocular inflammation, neovascularization, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and cataracts. Herbal molecules, such as lutein, zeaxanthin, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin C, and vitamin E, have been tried as ocular aliments. Although there are many positive outcomes for preventive or even therapeutic uses for ocular diseases, the efficacy remains controversial. Nevertheless, traditional Chinese medicine remains the best choice of herbal molecules mining for ocular remedies.

Transpalpebral tonometer, a new generation intraocular pressure (IOP) measuring instrument is nowadays used for self-tonometry. It is convenient and noninvasive and seems suitable for IOP measurement at home, as recommended by several authors. Apart from its use for self-tonometry, it has been reported that transpalpebral tonometer is more accurate in determining the IOP in thinned cornea after photorefractive procedures when compared with Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT). However, several other studies have revealed that their sensitivity in detecting IOP in glaucomatous eye is low compared with standard GAT. The aim of this study is to review the results of several studies that have compared IOP measurements obtained by the transpalpebral tonometer and GAT.

Purpose: To report the first multicenter survey in Japan on infectious keratitis after excimer laser surgery. Methods: The laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) Safety Network (LSN) Committee sent questionnaires to 28 LSN member hospitals to assess the total number of laser corneal surgeries, the number of infection cases (including suspicious cases), and the postoperative follow-up rate during a 3-year period. Results: Responses were obtained from 27 (96.4%) of 28 institutions. One phototherapeutic keratectomy infection case was reported among 22,415 excimer laser surgery cases, which equates to an incidence rate of 0.004%. The follow-up rate was 94.14% (67.2–100%), 80.11% (41.0–96.1%), 57.95% (11.5–93.0%), and 46.64% (4.7–93.0%) at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months of follow-up, respectively. Conclusion: Infectious keratitis is a potentially devastating complication of excimer laser surgery. We did not see any infectious keratitis for refractive cases. This first multicenter survey in Japan on infectious keratitis provides important information on the safety of this therapy.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate corneal endothelial changes occurring over a 3-month period after intravitreal injections of ranibizumab in patients with wet age-related macular degeneration. Methods: This is a prospective case series. A total of 29 patients (29 eyes) received a 0.5-mg intravitreal injection of ranibizumab. Specular microscopy, including measurement of central corneal thickness and endothelial cell count, was performed on each patient prior to and after completing three intravitreal injections. Results: All patients received three intravitreal injections and were followed up for a mean of 3 months. There was no significant change in corneal thickness (p = 0.32) or endothelial cell density (p = 0.38) after ranibizumab injections. Conclusion: Intravitreal ranibizumab injections (0.5 mg) have no harmful effects on corneal endothelial cells.

Purpose: To present the clinical features of four cases with bilateral anterior amorphous corneal opacity. Methods: A retrospective study in four patients with bilateral anterior amorphous corneal opacity was conducted. Examinations included visual acuity, keratometry, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, confocal microscopy, anterior segment optical coherence topography, and histology. Results: Three female and one male patients (mean age, 52.3 ± 8.9 years) showed bilaterally oval, amorphous sheetlike corneal opacities with central depression and thinning. Superior limbal opacities were observed in two of these patients. The best-corrected visual acuity ranged from 20/50 to 20/400, and the mean of the keratometry was 39.81 ± 3.97 D (diopters). They had mild dry eyes. The anterior segment optical coherence topography demonstrated hyporeflective abnormalities in the anterior depressed stroma in these four patients. Confocal microscopy revealed large round cells at the epithelial layer in one patient, and amorphous opacities with some strand-shaped opacities in the anterior stroma in all four patients. The mean of the corneal endothelial cells density in the eight eyes was 1521 ± 402 cells/mm². Central corneal stromalysis occurred in three patients, and descemetocele developed in two eyes. One patient received penetrating keratoplasty and two underwent lamellar keratoplasty. The histology of the corneal specimen revealed edematous basal epithelial cells, focal collagen disorganization in the thin stroma, and wartlike excrescences in a thickened Descemet’s membrane. Conclusion: Anterior amorphous corneal opacity is a rare keratopathy and may be one kind of rare corneal degeneration or dystrophy. Corneal stromalysis may occur in hyporefrective amorphous opacities and progress to descemetocele.

Background: Measurement of corneal diameter (CD) in children is pertinent in the diagnosis and monitoring of some ocular diseases, especially anterior segment anomalies and congenital glaucoma. Data on normal values of CD in African children are scarce, and Caucasian values are mostly referred to. The aim of this study was to determine the normative values of CD in full-term newborns and to assess its relationship with some birth parameters. Methods: Horizontal and vertical CDs were measured in 1000 eyes of 500 consecutive normal full-term babies within their 1st week of life using calipers in a cross-sectional study. The relationship between CD and different variables was assessed using multiple linear regression. Results: A total of 254 (50.8%) male and 246 (49.2%) female babies were involved in the study. The values (mean ± standard deviation) of horizontal and vertical CD were 9.87 ± 0.04 mm (range 9.00–10.75 mm) and 9.62 ± 0.41 mm (range 8.75–10.75 mm), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean horizontal CD for the right and left eyes (p = 0.39). The mean horizontal CD in males were not significantly different from that in females (p = 0.21). The 95% range for horizontal CD (mean ± 2 standard deviations) was 9.06–10.66 mm. Birth weight showed a positive correlation with CD (r = 0.59, p < 0.001). Conclusion: From the results of this study, normative values of CD in full-term Nigerian newborns have been established. This will enhance the ophthalmic care of newborns in Nigeria and Africa as a whole.

A 34-year-old woman with Wilson’s disease and prominent Kayser–Fleischer rings had uncomplicated photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in both eyes. Her preoperative refraction was −3.25 −2.50 × 180 in the right eye and −3.25 −1.50 × 180 in the left eye. The corneal topographic pattern showed symmetric bow tie with-the-rule astigmatism, and central corneal thickness was 550 μm in both eyes. Three months postoperatively, her refraction was −1.00 −1.25 × 180 in the right eye and −1.50 −1.00 × 180 in the left eye. The following enhancement surgery resulted in a stable and satisfactory refraction in 2 years. We conclude that Wilson’s disease might not be a contraindication for PRK.

Amantadine is widely used in treating influenza A, hepatitis, Parkinson’s disease, and fatigue in multiple sclerosis. In the past, only a few case reports have demonstrated that amantadine is associated with corneal edema, endothelial dysfunction, and other corneal comorbidity. We herein present four cases with reversible corneal edema and endothelial loss after taking amantadine, including two cases with delayed presentation of corneal edema after use of amantadine for 18 months and 12 months.

We herein present the case of a postoperative orbital fluid accumulation in a 1.5-year-old boy masquerading as subperiosteal orbital abscess (SPA). The patient was admitted to our hospital under the impression of orbital cellulitis with SPA. He subsequently underwent endoscopic sinus surgery and received external drainage for decompression. A significant amount of fetid odor abscess was drained from the subperiosteal space. However, a new episode of eyelid swelling was noted 1 week after the operation. Furthermore, a sinus computed tomography showed a very similar picture of the swelling compared with the preoperative image. Under the impression of recurrent SPA, a second operation was then performed. This time, however, only a small amount of granulated tissue and serosanguineous fluid was found. No microorganisms were cultured from this tissue/fluid, which ruled out any possible infection. It is thus a challenge to establish a differential diagnosis between postoperative fluid accumulation and SPA.